Pengaruh Pretreatment Microwave Terhadap Rendemen dan Profil Kimiawi Minyak Gaharu Aquilaria Sp.

Defiza Defiza, Alfiyah Az Zahra, Supandi Supandi, Hendri Aldrat

Sari


Minyak gaharu salah satu produk hasil penyulingan dari resin gaharu yang selain aromanya yang unik dan memiliki aktivitas biologis. Oleh karena tingginya minat  serta kelangkaan sumber-sumbernya secara alamiah, peneliti berusaha menemukan cara agar proses penyulingannya lebih efisien tanpa mengorbankan kualitas. Pada penelitian ini serbuk resin gaharu diberikan pretreatmen sebelum disuling dengan menggunakan microwave dengan daya 180 Watt selama 3 x 3 menit. Selanjutnya serbuk resin tersebut direndam masing-masing 1, 2, 3, dan 4 minggu sebelum dilakukan hidrodistilasi selama 15 jam. Minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan selanjutnya dianalisa menggunakan GCMS, sedangkan aromanya diuji hedonis untuk mengetahui perlakuan mana yang paling disukai responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan rendemen minyak atsiri setelah pretreatment. Ada senyawa yang konsisten muncul pada semua perlakuan termasuk kontrol seperti benzylacetone, β-selinene, alloaromadendrene, n-hexadecanoic acid, β-guaiene, dan agarospirol, sedangkan senyawa yang muncul setelah diberikan perlakuan microwave di antaranya adalah di antaranya adalah γ-gurjunene, valerenol, valencene, dibenzylacetone, α-selinene, α-guaiene, beta elemene, γ-muurolene, isocaryophyllene, ocimene, valerenal, cadinene dan dimetil octatriene. Adapun di antara senyawa di atas, yang baru muncul setelah mengalami perendaman adalah valerenal, dibenzylacetone, isocaryophyllene, ocimene, α-guaiene, β-elemene, dan γ-muurolene. Praperlakuan dengan menggunakan microwave dengan daya 180W dan perendaman sampai 2 minggu dapat meningkatkan jumlah rendemen dan keanekaragaman komponen minyak gaharu atsiri. Uji hedonik menunjukkan responden aroma minyak atsiri setelah pretreatment tidak merusak kualitas minyak gaharu.


Kata Kunci


gaharu, hidrodistilasi, microwave 180W, perendaman, penyulingan, pretreatment

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi


Ahmaed, D. T., & Kulkarni, A. D. (2017). Sesquiterpenes and Chromones of Agarwood: A Review. Malaysian Journal of Chemistry, 19(1).

Antonopoulou, M., Compton, J., Perry, L. S., & Al-Mubarak, R. (2010). The trade and use of agarwood (oudh) in the United Arab Emirates. In TRAFFIC Southeast Asia.

Arafat, Y., Altemimi, A., Ibrahim, S. A., & Badwaik, L. S. (2020). Valorization of Sweet Lime Peel for the Extraction of Essential Oil by Solvent Free Microwave Extraction Enhanced with Ultrasound Pretreatment. Molecules, 25(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184072

Cahyandaru, N., Parwoto, & Gunawan, A. (2010). Konservasi cagar budaya berbahan kayu dengan bahan tradisional. Balai Konservasi Peninggalan Borobudur.

Chhipa, H., & Kaushik, N. (2017). Fungal and Bacterial Diversity Isolated from Aquilaria malaccensis Tree and Soil, Induces Agarospirol Formation within 3 Months after Artificial Infection. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01286

Doimo, L., Fletcher, R. J., & D’arcy, B. R. (1999). Comparison in the γ-Lactone content of oils and extracts from white cypress pine (Callitris glaucophylla Thompson and Johnson). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1999.9701173

Dwianto, W., Kusumah, S. S., Darmawan, T., Amin, Y., Bahanawan, A., Pramasari, D. A., Lestari, E., Himmi, S. K., Hermiati, E., Fatriasari, W., Laksana, R. P. B., & Damayanti, R. (2019). Anatomical observation and characterization on basic properties of Agarwood (Gaharu) as an Appendix II CITES. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 374(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/374/1/012062

Elston, A., Lin, J., & Rouseff, R. (2005). Determination of the role of valencene in orange oil as a direct contributor to aroma quality. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 20(4), 381–386. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1578

Gao, M., Han, X., Sun, Y., Chen, H., Yang, Y., Liu, Y., Meng, H., Gao, Z., Xu, Y., Zhang, Z., & Han, J. (2019). Overview of sesquiterpenes and chromones of agarwood originating from four main species of the genus Aquilaria. RSC Advances, 9(8), 4113–4130. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA09409H

Gao, X., Xie, M., Liu, S., Guo, X., Chen, X., Zhong, Z., Wang, L., & Zhang, W. (2014). Chromatographic fingerprint analysis of metabolites in natural and artificial agarwood using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with chemometric methods. In Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (Vol. 967, pp. 264–273). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.07.039

Jok, V. A., Radzi, N. C., & Hamid, K. H. K. (2015). Agarwood Oil Yield As A Result of Changes in Cell Morphology Due To Soaking Process. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 2443–2450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.387

Jok, V. A., Zainudin, M. A. F., Radzi, N. C., & Hamid, K. H. K. (2016). Compounds Identification in Agar Wood Soaking Water by Using GC-MS. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, 7(5), 340–343. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2016.7.5.602

Lai, E. Y. C., Chyau, C. C., Mau, J. L., Chen, C. C., Lai, Y. J., Shih, C. F., & Lin, L. L. (2004). Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of the essential oil of Curcuma zedoaria. American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 32(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X0400193X

Mohamed, R. (2016). Agarwood: Science Behind the Fragrance. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0833-7

Nasardin, N. R. M., Hanafiah, M. A. M., Zainon, M., Ibrahim, M., Rahman, A. I. A., Baharudin, Z. A., Husin, M. H. M., Mahir, I., & Zulkefle, A. A. (2018). Comparison of Chemical Compounds of Essential Oils from Natural Agarwood and Inoculated Agarwood (Roselle-Based Inoculation). Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 11(2), 677. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i2.pp677-681

Nor Azah, M. A., Ismail, N., Mailina, J., Taib, M. N., Rahiman, M. H. F., & Muhd Hafizi, Z. (2014). Chemometric study of selected agarwood oils by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 26(3).

Nurhaslina, C. R., Zahari Harip, M. K., Musa, M., Md Zaki, N. A., Alwi, H., Muhd Rodhi, M. N., & Ku Hamid, K. H. (2018). Analysis of sesquiterpenes in agarwood essential oil from hydrodistillation process. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2018-2202-23

Pasaribu, G., K.Waluyo, T., & Pari, G. (2015). Analysis of Chemical Compounds Distinguisher for Agarwood Qualities. Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research, 2(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2015.2.1.644.1-7

Radzi, N. C., & Kasim, F. A. (2020). Effect of microwave pretreatment on gaharu essential oil using hydrodistillation method. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 20(4), 960–966. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.43191

Sen, S., Dehingia, M., Talukdar, N. C., & Khan, M. (2017). Chemometric analysis reveals links in the formation of fragrant bio-molecules during agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) and fungal interactions. Scientific Reports, 7. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44406

Sidabutar, I. J., Widyasanti, A., Nurjanah, S., Nurhadi, B., Rialita, T., & Lembong, E. (2020). Kajian rasio refluks pada isolasi beberapa senyawa minyak nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) dengan metode distilasi fraksinasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Pertanian Dan Biosistem, 8(1), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.29303/jrpb.v8i1.160

Sruthi, D., & Jayabaskaran. (2022). Plant Secondary Metabolites—The Key Drivers of Plant’s Defence Mechanisms: A General Introduction. In Mohd. Shahnawaz (Ed.), Biotechnological Approaches to Enhance Plant Secondary Metabolites (1st ed.). CRC Press.

Takeda, K., Minato, H., & Nosaka, S. (1961). Studies on sesquiterpenoids-III. Some derivatives of guaiol. Tetrahedron, 13(4), 308–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)92224-0

van der Hoeven, R. S., Monforte, A. J., Breeden, D., Tanksley, S. D., & Steffens, J. C. (2000). Genetic Control and Evolution of Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis in Lycopersicon esculentum and L. hirsutum. The Plant Cell, 12(11), 2283–2294. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.12.11.2283

Wang, J., Zhao, J., Liu, H., Zhou, L., Liu, Z., Wang, J., Han, J., Yu, Z., & Yang, F. (2010). Chemical Analysis and Biological Activity of the Essential Oils of Two Valerianaceous Species from China: Nardostachys chinensis and Valeriana officinalis. Molecules, 15(9), 6411–6422. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15096411

Wang, S., Yu, Z., Wang, C., Wu, C., Guo, P., & Wei, J. (2018). Chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of agarwood and aquilaria plants. Molecules, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23020342

Wibowo, D. P., & Aulifa, D. L. (2019). KOMPOSISI KIMIA , AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTIBAKTERI MINYAK ATSIRI AKAR WANGI ( Vetiveria zizanoide L). Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari, 10(2), 139–145.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52689/higea.v15i2.555

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.


##submission.license.cc.by-nc-sa4.footer##

slot gacor